Download or read book 60 GHz 4-Element RF Beamforming Receiver Array written by Saihua Lin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mm-wave technology is attractive for non-destructive high resolution imaging, high data rate communication, and automobile radar applications. For example, the large available bandwidth at the unlicensed 60 GHz band can potentially support up to 7 Gb/s in IEEE 802.11ad. However, one fundamental problem in mm-wave technology is the high signal path loss. Multiple-antenna arrays can be exploited to compensate for this drawback. Since CMOS technology has evolved to a stage where its performance is comparable to the traditional III-V compound semiconductor counterpart, low cost, lower power design and integration of an mm-wave wireless circuit in CMOS technology has become feasible. In this work, we first characterize the on-chip passive elements and active elements in a 65-nm CMOS technology. Slotted ground CPW and MSL lines are proposed which provide high Q ($> 20$) performance or flexible design capabilities. Two low noise amplifiers (LNA) with and without cascode devices are implemented and compared. The LNA without the cascode device turns out to be a better option. It is shown that the cascode device will degrade noise figure, bandwith, and linearity. The noise figure without the cascode device is only 3.8 dB with 16.2 dB gain at 59 GHz, 8.7 GHz bandwidth, and 8.3 mA current consumption under the 1 V supply. A 4-element RF beamforming receiver front end with four off-chip antennas is implemented in 65-nm CMOS. The front end is digitally controlled and based on the proposed phase oversampling vector modulation (POVM) method. The receiver front end includes 4 LNAs, 4 POVMs, and power combining networks. Four off-chip antennas are wire bonded to the receiver. Different substrate materials are experimented and compared for the antenna design, including RO4003, FR4, and RT5880 materials. Compared to start-of-the-art work, we achieve high phase resolution ($3.5^o$), very low NF (5.6 dB) with high gain (18.5 dB) for the beamformer at 56 GHz, and demonstrate truly spatial power combining and beam steering by using antennas. Compared with the conventional exhaustive lookup table method, the proposed POVM uses a semi-lookup table method. It uses a very small lookup table consisting of $\emph{only}$ basic oversampling vectors, and utilizes the linearity characteristics to adaptively select the weighting coefficients to compensate for the non-idealities in circuits, antenna array, and interfaces.